Thursday, October 31, 2019

The notions of sentence, utterance and proposition Essay

The notions of sentence, utterance and proposition - Essay Example Affirmative sentences, questions, exclamatory comments, etc. are commonly being used. Similarly if we try to understand deliberately about language we will have to learn about various concepts of language. Sentence can be viewed as the basic thing which supports and keeps alive a language. The most popular definition of a sentence is 'the expression of a complete thought'. Any 'thought', can be further specified more precisely. It is reasonable to argue that utterances also always express 'thoughts'. A general theory of utterance means that the speaker first casts a thought, and then expresses it as a clear utterance. This theory includes the theory of sentences. But it is unrealistic. "A sentence represents an eventuality. An eventuality is an action, or an event, or a state of affairs: something that happens or something that is. The sentence represents an eventuality by separating out the type of eventuality from the abstract and or concrete things which are involved in the eventuality. The type of the eventuality is typically represented by the verb, and the abstract or concrete things involved in the eventuality are prototypically represented by noun phrases. ... Subject is the part on which the action of the sentence is being predicated. Subject may also be called as the person who performs the action in the sentence. Now comes the predicate part which includes verb and complements. Subject of a sentence is the part acting upon the object of the verb. 1) Ram ate mango 2) Peter threw the ball are two good examples of sentence: In the first sentence "Ram" is subject, "mango" is object and "ate mango" is predicate. An utterance is a statement true in grammar but not true in meaning. It is widely being used in auditory communication. In other words, a sentence carries truth, an utterance holds no water. Utterance refers to a word, phrase or sentence expressed by a speaker on a particular occasion. It may or may not carry meaning. Examples of utterance 1. India can win the next football Olympics 2. UK will become monarchy soon. A proposition is as proposal advanced. It is a grammatically correct statement. A proposition is what is expressed by a sentence when that sentence is used to make a statement, that is, to say something, true or false. Literally it means to give a proposal or idea about something. Examples of proposition 1. Yoga should be made compulsory for all youngsters. 2. All students should get up before sunrise. One sentence can contain more than one utterance. Again one sentence can have one or more propositions. An utterance can be composed of a number of sentences. And also, one or more propositions can make an utterance. Example: The child utters: "I am hungry". This actually makes two propositions - 1) "I am hungry" and 2) "I must be given milk." The sentence "I am hungry" is thus an utterance and a preposition. According to Chris Potts "One or more proposition makes

Monday, October 28, 2019

Transformational Leadership, Policy, and Change Essay Example for Free

Transformational Leadership, Policy, and Change Essay Abstract This paper will focus on how effective Leadership can influence policy and change in the United States healthcare system. The implementation of new policy, program, and institutional change is often meant to improve the quality of the nations ever-changing healthcare system. Several journal articles and texts have been selected particularly with a focus on leadership strategies to improve the quality of healthcare, and leadership’s ability to influence implemented changes to the system. The question proposed is; does leadership encourage and influence both public and private initiatives that measure health outcomes, and organize systems to improve health services when new policies, programs, and institutional changes occur? The issues summarized in this paper are supported by scholarly journals and texts that offer several perspectives, including real life examples that will illustrate my argument that effective leadership can impact changes within the healthcare system. Our great nation has had a significant history of leadership both transactional and transformational throughout its existence. I venture to say that leadership is not just about performing a job: It’s about making a difference. When considering changes to healthcare, whether it is institutional, program, or policy, the importance and ability for leadership to put systems in place that strategically fulfill the goals and measures identified are extremely important. For example, with the passage of the Affordable Care Act, the future of healthcare has become more defined as noted by Baldwin; The Circle Way: A Leader in Every Chair (2011), â€Å"To serve as effective leaders, we must understand the context for our leadership roles–namely, the changing health care system and particularly, the impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act that President Obama signed into law on March of 2010. The Affordable Care Act resulted from months of intense Congressional action and serves as a reminder that  fundamental legislative changes do not happen overnight. Congressional tinkering over the 75 years since President Roosevelt attempted to enact national health insurance has yielded little by way of major change in health care programs, except for the addition of Medicare and Medicaid by President Johnson and the addition of Medicare coverage for prescription medications by President George W. Bushâ€Å". The new health care reform law is more than just a big change. It promises to be transformative as suggested by Baldwin, â€Å"that the old framework is disappearing because we don’t really know what the new normal will look like, and that uncertainty creates angst among consumers and health care providers in all fields, clearly leadership will play an important role in defining the path more clearly. Examples of the types of leadership needed are transformational and transactional leadership.† The success of health care reform will also depend on collaboration among regulators, insurers, and providers. Success hinges on an approach to regulation that is flexible enough, particularly on antitrust issues, to ensure that these groups can cooperate to pursue the goal of providing access to high quality health care at a cost the public can accept. As noted by Linsky, Leadership on the Line: Staying Alive Though the Dangers of Leading (2012), â€Å"Transformational leaders are driven by a moral or ethical imperative. They forsake a transactional leadership style in pursuit of something that must be done in and of its own right. For the transformational leader, the pain of leadership is exceeded only by the pain of lost potential. Transactional leadership, on the other hand, reflects the political exchange of resources, and is dominated by the coalition that possesses the most resources as measured in the current paradigm. There is a huge price to be paid by the transformational leader. It takes immense courage to challenge the vested interests of the dominant coalition that is threatened by ideas that shift the paradigm. It is also painful to be rejected by those whom you would seek to leadâ€Å". Changing market demands in health care mean we need new models for delivering services in a more agile, responsive and effective w ay. I believe that leaders have the ability to translate personal talent, skills, and qualities into action that can influence change. Leaders take a stand for what they believe in and work to convince others to think and act differently as new policies, program change, and health care systems are implemented. Given the implementation of new program and policy changes leaders are driven to find better ways of doing things, and take paths that others fear to tread. Leaders empower people by providing new pathways to success, implementing new procedures, and guidance that enable others to move forward with a clear vision building strong relationships and inspiring trust and confidence in the process. As a healthcare professional, I realize that each of us has a responsibility to help other health care professionals understand organizational goals, new program policies, and the many contributions we can make to the health and well-being of our citizens and the nation. As mentioned by Hertsgaard, Healthcare; Living Through the Next Fifty Years (2011); â€Å"The effectiveness of new program implementation, or policy change can be undervalued by many health care professions that view health care decision making as only being made by a handful of individuals that may not particularly benefit the whole. If value is to be added, all affected by new program, or policy change should understand the benefits of inclusion of all healthcare disciplines as partners willing to assume leadership positions. If those affected choose to abdicate leadership roles, they give others power over our future as health care professionals†. An example used to illustrate my argument that the ability of leadership to impact, new procedures, policies, can be noted in the passage of the Affordable Care Act, as noted by Heifetz; Leadership Without Easy Answers (2012), â€Å"While the Affordable Care Act offers the potential to positively impact health care, we have a lot of work to do as regulations are implemented at the national and state levels. Implementation of health care reform may offer yet another test of our political system as Democrats and Republicans play out their very different health care visions. The federal health care reform law does not create a new system but does fill gaps in our existing system. It is a product of both a fragmented political process, which compels compromise, and our fragmented health care system, which limits reformers’ options to move away  from the status quo. Strong leadership will be required to realize the potential and promise for health care reformâ€Å". I do believe that because of transformational and transactional leadership the passage of the Affordable Care Act was possible. Below illustrates several fundamental institutional, program, and policies changes leadership will have to strategically implement with the passage of the transformational Affordable Care Act as noted by Zimmerman, Leadership in an Evolving Health Care System (2012); â€Å"It provides for: * Significant innovation with a focus on improved patient outcomes achieved through integrated care systems; * Fundamental payment reform, including capitation and bundled payments; * Expansion of pay-for-performance, where payment will be linked to outcomes in outpatient care; * Refocusing the system on wellness and prevention; and  * Levels of transparency and accountability never before demanded of our health care system or its providers† Furthermore, Zimmerman argues that for fundamental changes to occur; implementation of new policy and program change should be carried out by all individual as the system thrives on continuous innovation–just like strong leaders doâ€Å". Despite the limitations of our current delivery system, I do believe that leaders in the private sector health care see opportunities for innovation and change as our health care system evolves. Fixing our broken health care system will require courageous and innovative leadership on all fronts. There will continue to be strong reasonable voices all along the political spectrum that disagree about what changes are necessary, how to fix what’s broken and how to pay for the fixes. As Heifetz suggests in Leadership on the line (2012), â€Å"the fact is that organizations dont just change because of new systems, processes or new organization structures. They change because the people within the organization adapt and change too. Only when the people within it have made their own personal transitions can an organization truly reap the benefits of change, and good leadership recognizes and attempt to improve on those ideas†. As I reflect on the state of today’s health care leadership, I find that those individuals who have had the greatest impact are the ones who have let go of the consequences of that leadership. That is, rather than play it safe by reacting to consensus opinion; they have chosen to passionately lead to a  transcendent vision. In essence they have rejected the politics of transactional leadership, and taken a position in service of what to them is a moral or ethical imperative. In his book, The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell identifies three types of leaders who have disproportionate impact on influencing their peers. â€Å"These are people who are either well-connected, serve as mavens, or act as salesmen. * The first are individuals who act as communication nodes for the spreading of information. * Mavens are knowledgeable individuals who delight in sharing that knowledge with others without seeking personal gain. * Salesmen are in many ways the most important. These people have the capacity to emotionally influence their constituents. They have presence or charisma, and easily influence others through their capacity to express and elicit common emotions.† In conclusion, it is the job of leaders to create that environments in which letting go of the consequences of leading to a transcendent vision can inspire their followers and allow them to reconnect to the meaning and purpose in their work. In a world of exponential change, where leaders must serve in the capacity of change agent, transformational leadership is paramount. It is a position of great risk, requiring courage and can only be successful when driven by the passion of a transcendent vision. It is imperative to find joy in the doing, to make the journey and destination the same. References 1. Baldwin, C. and Linnea, A. The Circle Way: A Leader in Every Chair. San Francisco: Berritt- Koehler Publishers, 2010. 2. Gladwell M. The Tipping Point. How Little Things Can Make A Big Difference. Boston, Little Brown and Company, 2000. 3. Heifetz, R.A Leadership Without Easy Answers. Cambridge, Ma: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012. 4. Heifetz, R.A and Linsky, A. Leadership on the Line: Staying Alive Though the Dangers of Leading. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2012. 5. Hertsgaard, M. Healthcare: Living Through the Next Fifty Years. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2011. 6. Zimmerman, C. Leadership in an Evolving Health Care System. New York: Free Press, 2011

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Impact of the Recession on Innovation and Technology Growth

Impact of the Recession on Innovation and Technology Growth 1. Introduction Entrepreneurs cause Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is a function of the entrepreneur E + f(e). Entrepreneurship is the interaction of skills related to inner control, planning and goal setting, risk taking,  innovation, reality perception, use of feedback, decision making, human relations and independence. Creating a new enterprise model involves considerable change in virtually everything to do with peoples working  lives starting with the future model of Entrepreneurship. A model for entrepreneurship that explains in industries  employment change by combining technology with innovation demand, it is proposed in this article. This article explores the way economic cycles influence the relationship between innovation and human relationemployment  in manufacturing industries. The article investigates whether the ups and downs of cycles alter the possibility of exploiting innovation,  technological opportunities which can affect patterns of job creation. Human resources the employment dynamics  have always followed cyclical patterns expansions of production; bring new jobs when recessions lead to job losses  (Mastrostefano and Pianta, 2009). A large macroeconomic literature, has investigated employment dynamics in their relationship to the cyclical  patterns of economic growth. Labour economics perspectives; have focused on the role of knowledge wages in  affecting employment and the economical periods of high cyclical unemployment (Pisarides, 2009, Pianta, M.  2005). Distinctions have been made between the determinants of employment in business cycles and in long-term  growth, capital-labour complementarities, and the evolution of labour supply and, more recently, the diversity of  labour skills. ( Lucchese, M and Pianta, M., 2012) . * Corresponding In order to summarize the diversity of industry patterns in innovation and employment over the cycle, it is  necessary to take in consideration the well-known Pavitt taxonomy. It provides a relevant conceptualization of the  differences in the process of technological change by classifying firms and industries on the basis of their dominant  sources of innovation, the forms of appropriation of technology and market structure. In his taxonomy, Pavitt (1984)  identifies four groups that describe the level of technological opportunities of each industry: (a) Science-Based industries include sectors based on advancements in science; (b) Specialized supplier industries create specific products for users-industries, and these typically include  machinery and equipment, with an active role for human capital; (c) Scale intensive industries include sectors characterized by large economies of scale, high capital intensity and  strong relevance of organizational improvements such as motor vehicles; (d) Supplier dominated industries include traditional sectors including food, textiles, clothing. Along the article, the author generally assumed to operate and established the relationship between labour and how  innovation can influence the employment as a final solution for economical development. 2. Methodology The sample was draw for people involved in business activity in Baia Mare city. A total of 250 respondents were  contacted. Respondents were surveyed using a forth part structured questionnaire. Part 1-measured variables using single items such as educational background, type of business activity, type of  organization. Part 2 measured the factors, which were classified into entrepreneurial core, work core, individual and social core  relevant for leadership style of the respondent person. Part 3- measures the profile of leadership, the attitude in different situation of the manager, and identify the type of  leader. Part 4- measure the perception for new development and new orientation into organization, identify some individual  suggestions. The surveyors have been questioned about their business and the opportunity to implemented change management  and introduce innovation in their organization. The internal consistency of the measure and the results indicate that  the items in measuring the organizations activity dimensions are reliable. Also the survey make a radiography upon  the economic activity of the city Baia Mare and give an answer to economical and employment problems. 3. Results Traditional industries such as supplier-dominated sectors are characterized by a long-term decline in employment  associated with the broader patterns of structural change and demand dynamics. The number of individual business  organizations reflects the engine of economy structure especially on small business in a miner region like Baia Mare  city, where ‘’old factories’’ are just a memory for 50’ generation. From the survey dates obtained, I identify that  major activity are non productive sector, as a matter of fact the production it is not developed yet in our region,  organizations are under the discovering faze of the miracle products which can be produce. The diversity of  activities structure is special in the commerce retailer and wholesaler fields and the employers number its low. This paper offers the opportunity to step outside the normal organization day-to-day experiences and mentally  travel a brain road toward people tomorrows—in a world moving toward unimagined futures. Day-to-day experiences tend to trap people in yesterday. I think it is necessary to count also the rapid technological  change, increasing competition because of globalization, and tremendous innovation. At the same time knowledge is  constantly making itself obsolete. Its not possible to invest time in something thats not on your radar. Some kind of  valuable radar enhancement is needed: Results, Approach, Deployment, and Assessment, Review. Unfortunately there are no answers just alternatives and a constantly receding horizon. Entrepreneurs should  establish and maintain an environment within the business to encourage efficiency among employees. Based on thesurvey, I concluded that not in every organization management the manager leader, understand the managerial  competency in the some connotation. Archibugi (2001), Bogliacino and Pianta (2010) identify Pavitt’s groups that describe the level of technological  opportunities in industry and the influence of innovation and new technology for future development and  harmonization with market customers needs. Taking in consideration the survey results a classification can be easy  done, the economical activities can be structure in the category of supplier dominated industries here we include  traditional sectors food, textiles, clothing, hand makes products, training and other activities. Evangelista and Savona (2003) present the same importance of the relation between innovation and skills in  services and the direct relation between the necessity of structural change and economic dynamics. Desire for greater life flexibility, seeking challenges, fulfilling a long-felt desire or escaping from organizational  glass ceiling is also among the motivation factors especially for women to start-up their own business (Figure 1). The diversity in the patterns of employment in the manufacturing sector is documented in this paper also where the  dynamics of employment depends of economic cycle. The ups and downs of aggregate demand have been shown to  affect changes in production and demand for labour. It is not surprising from the survey dates that the number of  women entrepreneur gas increased and growing because of their interests in privatisation, self-employment and  business oriented employment. All this facilitated by the growth in various sectors such as general commerce,  personal and public services, training and consultancy and other reflect the cycle from market in a continuing  fluctuation for an unfavourable miner area. The productive sector doesn’t exist anymore because of technological adaptation and missing innovation, which is  the future provocation for our market. The organization must deal with the practical impact of unpleasant change,  but more importantly, must labour under the weight of employees who have given up, have no faith in the system or  in the ability of leaders to turn the organization around. Leadership before, during and after change implementation is the golden key to getting through the swamp. Out of  250 respondents, majority of them are aged educated that’s the motive of involvement in his own business (26%  baccalaureate and 57% academic studies) as a solution of adaptation on actual market. Management refers to the  ways of the personnel in charge of directing the organization, which in this instance is an entrepreneur. In the  context of demand shortage, an increase of the quality and variety of goods cannot be associated with value added  growth, while productivity growth and a higher competitiveness can be obtained through lower employment. Figure  2 plots the change of the manager mentality groups as the first evidence of the diversity in the relationship between  innovation and employment during the economic cycle and their organization new orientation on market. Blackburn and Pelloni (2004) combines the lessons from the macroeconomic analysis of business cycles with an  attention to the nature of technology and the patterns of structural change in manufacturing industry. A model that explains industries employment change by combining technology and demand is proposed also in this  article. High technology sectors, especially science-based industries, are affected by the ups and downs of the  economy, although they traditionally devote more resources to innovation and new products. As time goes from industrial revolution to the information revolution confirm by Freeman and Louca (2001)  innovation perspectives is the best solution for increasing the employment and reoriented the entire management  economy. The part 4 of survey measures the perception for new development and new orientation into organization and  identifies some individual manager suggestions. The target of survey was to capture the human resources attitude in  front of new orientation for organization perspective. The new generation encourages the implementation of new  trends from the market and push the manager and staff organization to be open for new changes. They suggested some ways to be followed in future: organized training and inform the staff 76%, implement a total  controlling knowledge process to avoid the appearance of different mistakes 45%, a new orientation for  organization, management change and a mentality change in a good direction 41.5%. An open innovation seems to be the best solution for the youngest organizations. Management realizes that the only  education organization aware of the need for change and provide a means by which change and development can be  achieved. This situation show that the enterprise performance depends on the level of personnel incentive and are some  imbalances in the operating activity of the company, because the share of staff costs in value added is higher than it  should be. We can complete the f (e), with the others factors which are variable and dynamic along the economical cycle,  technological and cost competitiveness strategies have a contrasting effect on employment, employment growth  emerges in product innovation oriented sectors, while new processes generally result employment losses. The missing factors present in fact the real situation not only from our region but it is necessary to take in count the  global situation. Boglacino and Pianta (2009) present also this particularly view relevant in the context of the economical crises that  has hit most of organizations in the shadow of the financial crisis of 2008 and of the European debt crisis of 2011. Does innovation stimulate employment? To that question answer Harrison Jaumendreu, Mairesse and Petres  (2008), Greeman and Guellec (2000), that technological innovation and employment reallocation is a solution. Barbuta Misu (2012) reflect about the inverse relation between staff costs rate and probability of bankruptcy, we can  argue that is an unusual situation that the share of staff costs in added value to be high to the enterprises with no risk  of bankruptcy, especially because the high value of personnel expenses diminishing the profit. During industry growth, as well as productivity increases appeared to be supported by both new products and new  processes as both technological and cost competitiveness may lead to output or efficiency improvements. 3. Conclusion This article has shown that recessions disrupt the mechanisms of innovation-based growth and push firms toward a  technological trajectory based on labour-saving new processes that increase efficiency but destroy jobs. Results show that, new products, exports and wage growth affect employment change, while new processes  contribute to restructuring and job losses. Along with jobs, competences, skills and production capacity are lost  during recessions, with the risk of setting the engine of growth on a lower path of development. Employment has  always been affected by business cycles and the economic literature has long explored the macroeconomic and  demand determinants of this relationship. The originality of article perspective is that in investigations by innovation and economical management cycle, the  conclusion shows that employment outcomes are affected by the nature of technological change. Since 48% entrepreneurs are focus on retailer activity and services, and only 24% it is involved in productivity  activity, a new orientation it is necessary to encourage the economical growth of the city. This article investigates whether the ups and downs of cycles alter the possibility of exploiting technological  opportunities and affecting patterns of job creation. Technological competitiveness is expected to have a positive  effect employment but it could play a minor role in a downswing because of the lack of demand. The impact of a  technological innovation will generally depend not only on its inventors, but also on the creativity of the eventual  users of the new technology. A clear difference emerges between new products that support job creation in times of  growth, and new processes that are instrumental in job destruction in times of recession. These differences in the nature of innovation are visible in the diversity of industries, characterized either by a  dominance of product-oriented efforts at technological competitiveness. The article conclusion is to argue and sustain the relationship between specific innovative strategies and their  employment when new products may open up new markets and offer new jobs, when new processes may come to  dominate technological change, leading to restructuring and job losses. The Matrix factors for entrepreneurship leadership profile examines the personal background, stage of career, early  life experiences and growth environment, indirect benefits, opportunities in the carrier prospect and the impact of  market conditions. Specifically, the 4R are: research, relationship, reputation and recognition, each R category is  discussed in light of the contemporary economical situation on Romanian market. The benefits of the 4R are explored and present the real situation on economical and management production like a  problem or a false fake? From research work perspective various attempts were undertaken to identify factors that  support the growth of economy and comprehensive list of factors are identified and put in evidence the object of this  study.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

The Impact of My Favorite Form of Media in Mass Communication Essay

Mass Communication has an immense impact on many individuals in the world from the television, music to books and the radio and many more media outlets. There are affirmative and adverse impacts that we all receive from the media. As for myself there is many constructive forms of media I indulge in. My most preferred form of media overall is the Food Network's American reality TV show series called Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives. I always had an adoration and aspiration for art and I consider food to be art. This television series has a huge effect on my daily life in a progressive, yet constructive way. I tend to watch it almost every day or whenever I miss it I just record it. It conglomerates my love of sustenance and travel at the same time. There are many mass communication theories conveyed up through the media world, but I sense a few do relate to my chosen form of media. There are three certain mass communication theories that contribute to my impact on this form of media: Spiral of Silence Theory, Agenda Setting Theory and the Hypodermic Needle Theory. Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives persuades me to cook and appreciate cooking and food. Being married, I believe it’s an abundant deal for the wife to cook and cook well for the family. There are times when I do not feel like cooking or really feel driven at times. Especially when I'm tired or occupied with school work or up keeping the home. This television series I instantaneously got addicted to the first time I viewed it. I adore the diverse ways the chefs come up with these astonishing meals, with simple yet engaging techniques. The customers get interviewed for their intake of the diner’s food and gives more insight on the food, which gives me the viewer an idea ... ... integrated theory of public opinion. Unpublished dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 8. Freeland, Amber . "An Overview of Agenda Setting Theory in Mass Communications." Academia.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2014. 9. Griffin, Dana . "What is the Magic Bullet Theory of Mass Media?." Small Business. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 2 May 2014. . 10. "Hypodermic Needle Theorem." University of Twentie. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. . 11. "Agenda Setting Theory." University of Twente. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. .

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Paying College Athletes

Persuasive Speech Nearly two weeks ago, over 700 men and women signed on to play in the largest post-season tournament in professional sports, or should I say, amateur sports. The athletes in March Madness, the post-season basketball tournament, practice multiple times per day, all year round, and even on the weekends. When they aren’t busy between practice and traveling around the country, they are watching film to make themselves even better. That sounds a lot like a professional athlete to me. The only thing that isn’t professional about their lives is their pay check. The networks that host March Madness rake in millions of dollars through commercials. The schools rake in money through merchandise and ticket sales. The athletes rake in, well, nothing. Other than experience and exposure, these athletes aren’t allowed to make any money or even accept rewards for their accomplishments. The money generated by March Madness rivals the money earned from the post season of nearly every professional sports league in the world. At $613 million, the NCAA is earning over 40 percent more ad revenue than the entire NBA playoffs and over 60 percent more ad revenue than the entire post season for Major League Baseball. Given that professional basketball and baseball players bring home millions to their families every year, one has to wonder: What is the NCAA doing with all that money? The money doesn't disappear just because the players' families don't get it. Instead, we see coaches signing blockbuster deals worth tens of millions of dollars. It's time to let the players have a piece of the pie. You can't possibly convince me that head coach Gene Chizik was worth more to Auburn’s championship football than their quarterback Cam Newton. Plus, kids in Alabama aren't buying Chizik jerseys from the university. Still, we somehow expect that a kid from the inner city should be happy with a scholarship. The truth is that almost none of us would accept a scholarship over a job that generates tens of millions of dollars. That’s why we see kids like Kobe Bryant and LeBron James coming straight out of high school and to the NBA. Now, for them, that move paid off. However, there have been plenty of talented high school students who were lured by the money of professional sports but were never able to make it. Now they’re stuck without a job or an education. As Americans, should we be encouraging this risky behavior? Those who oppose paying college athletes say that a full ride scholarship with free room and board should be enough, and the kids should get used to the idea of working hard in school and not worrying about money. However, kids are only guaranteed these scholarships one year at a time. Meaning that if a kid sustains a career or season ending injury, now he’s left at school without a scholarship. Now he can’t pay for his classes. Now he can’t pay for room and board. Most college athletes can’t pay the fees their school charges, so why not help them out if they get hurt? Others also say that athletes can go out like any other citizen and find a job if they need to support their family while in college. The reality is no college athlete can possibly hold a job while being part of a team. Between traveling half the season, suffering through day long practices, sitting through night classes, these kids can’t find any time to fit in a job. Like I said, this dilemma encourages many to skip college and enter the pros, sometimes, without enough experience and no college education. Allowing the payment of athletes would end the lying and cheating that all but criminalizes big-time college sports. All the rumors and finger pointing, often times without any evidence, only creates dark clouds around universities. When SMU was convicted of rewarding their football players with cars and other material items, the football program was given â€Å"the death sentence† for one year, and it destroyed their reputation. Without distractions in the media, kids would be allowed to focus and not worry about the safety of their programs. The current system is practically like slavery. These kids work their hearts out and play through injuries in fear of losing their scholarship. Meanwhile, their families are left at home, struggling without their kids’ help. Keeping athletes and their families in poverty while coaches and administrators get rich is not only un-American; it is an emmbarrassment to us all.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Free Essays on Hip Hop Story

HIP HOP HISTORY Music is the most powerful vehicle of human expression. As the embodiment of love, disapproval, happiness, experience – life, music speaks to us, because it comes from us. Each people, in each paradine of the human experience instinctively and systematically change the music of the past to represent the realities of the present. In this century, black music, more specifically Hip Hop/Soul music, has been that music that has brought to plain view that which evidences our humanity – hope, hurt, joy and passion – in such a way that the world has no other choice than to feel its power and marvel in its brilliance. When one discusses the relationship between Soul music and the civil rights movement, it becomes a dialogue very akin to that of the chicken and the egg. The period of â€Å"Classic Soul† is that period primarily, but not exclusively referenced as the 1950’s, 60’s and 70’s (Stephenson 186). This is the time frame of the American Civil Rights Movement, and the impact of the massive changes going on, are reflected in the music and the culture. So one would be correct in both assuming that the Civil Rights Movement gave rise to Soul music, as much Soul music contributed to the success of the campaign for civil rights. Soul music during its heyday, did more than simply entertain. For a race of people it served as a source of motivation, strength and education, for a people immersed in turmoil and tragedy. The institution of segregation had effectively inhibited the general populace’s awareness of the great achievements and contributions made by African-Americans throughout the history of the United States (Franklin 429). Inasmuch, Soul music sought to bring that undersight to light. Soul songs like Donny Hathaway’s â€Å"To Be Young, Gifted and Black,† was revolutionary, in that they sought to instill pride of one’s history, but at the same time motivate a new generation to reach new heights. As Hatha... Free Essays on Hip Hop Story Free Essays on Hip Hop Story HIP HOP HISTORY Music is the most powerful vehicle of human expression. As the embodiment of love, disapproval, happiness, experience – life, music speaks to us, because it comes from us. Each people, in each paradine of the human experience instinctively and systematically change the music of the past to represent the realities of the present. In this century, black music, more specifically Hip Hop/Soul music, has been that music that has brought to plain view that which evidences our humanity – hope, hurt, joy and passion – in such a way that the world has no other choice than to feel its power and marvel in its brilliance. When one discusses the relationship between Soul music and the civil rights movement, it becomes a dialogue very akin to that of the chicken and the egg. The period of â€Å"Classic Soul† is that period primarily, but not exclusively referenced as the 1950’s, 60’s and 70’s (Stephenson 186). This is the time frame of the American Civil Rights Movement, and the impact of the massive changes going on, are reflected in the music and the culture. So one would be correct in both assuming that the Civil Rights Movement gave rise to Soul music, as much Soul music contributed to the success of the campaign for civil rights. Soul music during its heyday, did more than simply entertain. For a race of people it served as a source of motivation, strength and education, for a people immersed in turmoil and tragedy. The institution of segregation had effectively inhibited the general populace’s awareness of the great achievements and contributions made by African-Americans throughout the history of the United States (Franklin 429). Inasmuch, Soul music sought to bring that undersight to light. Soul songs like Donny Hathaway’s â€Å"To Be Young, Gifted and Black,† was revolutionary, in that they sought to instill pride of one’s history, but at the same time motivate a new generation to reach new heights. As Hatha...

Monday, October 21, 2019

15 Best People to Follow on Twitter and LinkedIn for Career Advice

15 Best People to Follow on Twitter and LinkedIn for Career Advice When you’re on the hunt for a new job, it can feel like a lonely process sometimes. You’re editing your resume, you’re researching new opportunities and job descriptions, and you’re working on your personal package and brand. All of those are necessary elements of the process, but that’s a lot of â€Å"you† going on, no? Where do you turn when you need advice and career resources such as resume templates, interview guides and workplace tips? You know our door is always open at TheJobNetwork, but there’s also a whole internet of people who add their personal voices and expertise to the mix. Social media has opened up everyone’s networks like never before, making it easy to connect with others. Let’s look at some of the movers and shakers who can help bump your career development to the next level, whether you’re a seasoned veteran or just starting out.Career Influencers on TwitterTwitter’s not just for TV rea ctions and presidential candidates’ late-night rants, believe it or not. It’s also host to a thriving career hive, where the @ signs fly fast and furious in every industry. Here are some of the best people to follow if you want to stay in the know:Kathryn Minshew, founder of The Muse. Whether it’s general career/job search advice or the cutting edge of what’s happening in the career world, Minshew is on it and sharing it for her followers.Simon Sinek, motivational and leadership author and speaker. Sinek has made a career out of studying successful leaders and their communication, and making those insights accessible via his books (Start with Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action and Leaders Eat Last: Why Some Teams Pull Together and Some Don’t) and his social media.Hannah Morgan, career and job search expert, and founder of CareerSherpa. Morgan offers a constant stream of advice for â€Å"solopreneurship,† as well as brandi ng yourself and hunting for your next big opportunity.Abby Kohut, a recruiter and career coach, and founder of Absolutely Abby. Kohut is not only great at what she does (she was named among the â€Å"Top 25 Women To Follow On Twitter For Your Job Search† by CEO World), but she’s also on a tour of the USA in an RV, offering career advice and inspiration from sea to shining sea. And if an RV tour doesn’t offer good Twitter entertainment, I don’t know what does.Guy Kawasaki, motiviational speaker and former â€Å"chief evangelist† of Apple. Kawasaki is one of the best known career, business, and leadership speakers in the biz, and his Twitter is chock full of advice on branding, managing your career, and the occasional (very relevant and necessary) cute animal video.Adam Toren, author, entrepreneur, and founder of Young Entrepreneur. Toren’s voice is essential because it speaks to would-be entrepreneurs of all ages, and offers advice for people looking to build their brand whenever they want to start. Even if you’re only young at heart, Toren has great insight about how to go about developing your entrepreneurial side.Seth Godin, bestselling author and career/marketing/business guru. If you’ve heard of any career coach before, there’s a good chance it’s Seth Godin. Author of 14 books about marketing, leadership, personal branding, and personal growth, Godin has become a go-to for people all over the country looking to boost their careers and their outlook. Godin’s Twitter feed is tied to his blog, where he shares his everyday insights on the marketing and career worlds.Women 2.0, media company specializing in innovation opportunities and business education for women. Despite the name and stated mission, Women 2.0 offers solid career information for any gender, as well as valuable insight into diversity and increasing opportunities for entrepreneurs who are just starting out.Randi Zuckerb erg, author and speaker. Sure, that other Zuckerberg is a household name these days, but his sister, Randi Zuckerberg is a social media force to be reckoned with as well. The author of Dot Complicated, Zuckerberg has a lot of great insight into how to manage social media in our professional and personal lives, as well as building brands and content.Elon Musk, CEO and tech innovator. If there’s an â€Å"it† executive and influencer right now, it’s Elon Musk- hands down. With his involvement in cutting-edge companies like SpaceX, Solar City, and Tesla, he’s helping to redefine what it means to be a leader, innovating in business and science at the same time.Career Influencers on  LinkedInLinkedIn is a great place to concentrate your job search energies, because it’s a connecting hub for so many companies and industries. It’s also an excellent spot to find inspirational voices and guidance from people who know their stuff. When you branch out from your own personal network and move beyond the basic job search functions of LinkedIn, these influencers are must-follows as you build and shape your career.Laszlo Block, Senior Adviser at Google and author of Work Rules!. Block publishes lots of great content on LinkedIn, offering insights from his work at Google (maybe you’ve heard of it- you know, that little underdog, mom-and-pop tech behemoth) and his experience leading teams.Lisa Gates, career coach and founder of She Negotiates. Negotiation is such an important part of your career and your role as a self-advocate- and yet it’s an area where almost all of us can use some work. It’s a big career challenge- what can you ask for, what do you do, and how far can you go? Gates offers tips and insight that we can all use, whether we’re negotiating a new offer, looking for a pay/title bump, or leveraging your performance review.Meg Giuseppi, career and personal branding coach. Giuseppi is a branding g uru who works with people to build their resumes, leadership skills, and social media brands as part of their job searches. Her articles give strategies and tips for pushing your professional package to the next level.Heather Huhman, career coach and digital marketing specialist. We hear about Millenials and their trends/needs/peculiarities all the time- but what about Gen Y, the pre-Millenials? For those of us who fall into that bucket between Gen X and the Millenials, Huhman is here to offer sage recruiting advice for building your career after your first or second jobs, and how to negotiate career changes.Paul Freiberger, resume writer and job search consultant. Freiberger isn’t the kind of writer who publishes 18 posts a day, but what he does post is high-quality advice for your job search, your resume, negotiation, etc.- all the biggies. He also talks about issues that aren’t always discussed widely in the career arena, like how to deal with a job search if youâ⠂¬â„¢re an introvert. (More on interviewing-while-introverted here as well.)One of the best things about networking in the social media age is that you can decide what level of involvement you want to have. Are you happy just reading content and articles posted by people who are in the know? Do you prefer to interact with people who have specific expertise? Whether you’re comfortable @-ing big names or just the occasional retweet, the experience is totally customizable. The resources are out there- you just have to find (and follow) them!How about you? Do you have any favorite follows who brighten your feeds with interesting and useful content? We’d love to hear from you in the comments.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Perseverence Essay Essays

Perseverence Essay Essays Perseverence Essay Essay Perseverence Essay Essay Rachel Summer 2006 Honors English Perseverance Essay In My Sister’s Keeper and The Five People You Meet in Heaven, characters demonstrate the quality of perseverance. To persevere is to â€Å"persist in a purpose, idea, or task in the face of obstacles or discouragement†, according to The American Heritage College Dictionary. Characters in each book go about different ways showing perseverance throughout their lives. Yet no matter what, perseverance in the characters always comes down to the bottom line of never giving up. My Sister’s Keeper is filled with examples of perseverance. Anna, the main character, is a matched donor for her older sister Kate who was diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) at a young age. Throughout her whole life, Anna has gone through numerous blood donations, bone marrow donations, and surgeries so that Kate has a chance at survival. After Kate’s kidneys start to fail, Anna’s parents want her to donate a kidney to her sister. Therefore, Anna files a lawsuit against her parents for medical emancipation so she can make her own medical decisions. Throughout the book, the reader is led to believe that Anna is pursuing this lawsuit because she has gotten fed up with being the one to donate parts of her body such as lymphocytes and bone marrow for her sister’s well being, but in the end the story twists. It turns out that Anna has gone against her parents wishes because her sister asked her to. Kate is sick of having to be in the hospital and doesn’t want to have to go through yet another surgery, she has accepted death. Anna showed perseverance because she never gave up in supporting and loving her sister. Even when Anna’s mom was upset with her about the lawsuit and even when Anna had to sell her most prized possession, the locket her dad gave her that she never took off, in order to hire a lawyer, she continued to do what she felt was right. The whole time Anna never lets out that it was Kate who convinced her to file the lawsuit in the first place. Other characters in My Sister’s Keeper showed perseverance in their actions too. Kate showed perseverance in how she faced the challenges of dealing and living daily with a serious illness. Kate loved her family and wanted to reduce the impact her illness had on her sister and family thereby asking Anna to file the lawsuit. Anna and Kate’s parents showed perseverance by constantly pursuing new treatment options to help cure Kate or prolong her life. No matter how many surgeries or transfusions it took, they wanted to try everything. Even Campbell, Anna’s lawyer, showed perseverance. He would tell people ridiculous lies about what his service dog, Judge, did for him, never letting anyone know that it was for his seizures. Campbell didn’t want people to feel sorry for him or treat him any differently than anyone else. Therefore, characters in My Sister’s Keeper showed the quality of perseverance. The Five People You Meet in Heaven has the quality of perseverance in it too. The main character, Eddie, shows it throughout the whole book. The book starts with Eddie at an old age working at Ruby Pier. He is a hard worker, checking rides and their parts, always making sure that everything is safe with Ruby Pier as the head of maintenance. Then, when a ride breaks down after one of the cables snap, Eddie dies trying to save a little girl who would have been hit by the falling ride. After he goes to heaven, he meets and spends time with five people who affected his life and died before him, reliving his past and the pasts of others. As he relives his past, he struggles with remembering and discovering some hardships that he and others had to face throughout their lives. Yet with every person, he tries to find out whether or not he saved the little girl, never giving up on his question. As he goes from person to person, we are shown flashbacks of Eddie’s life that are filled with perseverance. One example is during his time as a soldier in a war. Eddie and the captain and some of his fellow soldiers were captured and taken as prisoners. The living conditions were horrible for them for months on end. They had to work in a mine, eat bug infested food, never shower, sleep in dirt and grime, and were at risk of being killed. One of Eddie’s comrades was even shot and killed after he got so sick that he couldn’t work in the mine. However, Eddie always looked for ways to escape. Finally, one day he saw one of his captors trying to juggle. Eddie took this as an opportunity, even though it was very risky, for escape. Eddie eventually got them all out of there after showing the guards his juggling skills and tricking them. No matter how tough life got for Eddie, he never gave up. Even after his father died and he was stuck working at Ruby Pier, he persevered. He continued to help support his mother and wife until they died. Even after his beloved wife died, he carried on, no matter how painful life was without her. Eddie showed great qualities throughout his life and afterlife, including that of perseverance. Both books have characters showing perseverance in the sense that they get on with their lives, never giving up and never giving in no matter how hard it gets. Also, in both books, it becomes clear in the end why the characters kept on going and didn’t stop, and how their perseverance affected others. In My Sister’s Keeper, Anna died in the end of the book in a car accident, and her kidney ended up being donated to Kate anyways. Yet Anna’s actions in life showed how much she loved her sister. Anna did want to donate her kidney to Kate in the first place because she would do just about anything to save her sister. In The Five People You Meet in Heaven, Eddie finds out in the end that all life stories are intertwined. People died instead of him and he died instead of the little girl. When he finds out he saved the little girl, he thinks his death wasn’t for nothing after all. In the end, Eddie discovers that his life did have a meaning, despite what he had thought. He worked so hard at Ruby Pier, and by keeping the rides safe, he helped so many people stay safe while riding them. Eddie thought that he had lived a pointless life that had no value, but instead he had saved many lives without even realizing it. Both My Sister’s Keeper and The Five People You Meet in Heaven show characters persevering through life, and never giving up or giving in, no matter what.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Installation of a firewall policy in a small office - home office Essay

Installation of a firewall policy in a small office - home office (SOHO) environment - Essay Example Consequentially, it has become inevitable to protect these environments from any attack. Though none can claim that a network is totally secure, advanced security measures need always be implemented. In SOHO network, to protect any external intrusion using a firewall, one can consider using either a hardware or software firewall. A hardware firewall is a digital edge device put in a network that serves to allow or disallow network transmissions. A firewall once installed, it protects a network from unauthorised access while permitting only legitimate communications to pass through the network. Most vendors of operating systems (OS) for personal computers include software-based firewall packages in the OSs to protect threats from the public Internet. Different types of firewalls can be implemented at different levels in a network but since in a SOHO environment cost implications are vastly considered, only one level of a firewall can be implemented (Briere et al., 2010). This single l evel of firewall application must be effective enough so as to ensure that any outbound communication is secure. The installation of a firewall is based upon several set of rules that play a great role in deciding the type of a firewall to employ and the overall effectiveness of it. It would an unimportant and impractically costly venture to implement a firewall policy for a large company’s network for a small office/home office network since this firewall would serve as a central offloading point for security-related activity. Through the installation of a firewall appliance in a SOHO environment, client systems can easily share Internet connections. Internet connections pose the main risk to every network whether in a shared or unshared environment. Hackers are constantly finding new ways either to create vulnerabilities in a highly secured network or even to attack any network that would have security vulnerabilities. As technology changes, application-level attacks are gr eatly advancing too. This whole situation has cause a huge tradeoff between the provision of a secure network and the cost of that provision. To secure a network especially one that has access to the Internet has proved to a challenging task to the network administrators since the more they put hard security measure both in hardware and software forms, the more attacks are being targeted and executed on their networks. This has led to the introduction of integrated firewall appliances e.g. gateways and routers, that handle both the work of data transmission and data screening at the perimeter wall. Clients in SOHO network depend a lot on emails. These emails can be outbound or inbound. Both should be screened at the firewall level to ensure that only legitimate emails are given access to the network. Emails carry attachments and security compromisers have always been bent on imitating their attacks using email attachment that contain worms, Trojans, spyware or even a malware. These embedded threats once that gain access to the network would cause undesired trouble in the stability of the network as some of them have the potential to iniatiate a denial of service attack. This attack is among the most hazardous on a network since the entire business is brought in to a halt. Another harmful attack would be the one initiated with intent

Friday, October 18, 2019

Film reflections on WW2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Film reflections on WW2 - Essay Example The TYP of the wealth is {M}oney – this means that actual cash is shown; {T}alking about wealth – these are the scenes that either show a discussion of a bribe, or discussion of business-related matters; and {P}ossessions – these are the scenes that involve possessions that might or might not be valuable. As this analysis shows, wealth comes to mean different things as the movie progresses. At the beginning, Oskar Schindler {OS} regards wealth as a way of enriching himself. He has no regard for others at this point. It is only after he sees that that the little girl in the red coat was killed that he changes, and, at this point, wealth becomes exclusively a means to help others. Meanwhile, wealth is shown in different ways regarding the Jewish people – that wealth is stripped from them, but also, in the process of stripping wealth, these people are also stripped of their heritage. Therefore, wealth is symbolic of different things throughout the film â€⠀œ greed, then humanitarianism, heritage, and atrocity of the Nazis taking the wealth from the Jews. This essay explains each of these meanings in depth. {SL}, through its use of imagery, including the REC of wealth, like Blade Runner, â€Å"provides simultaneously a nightmare about the impossible and catharsis about the horror that it has elicited† (Cohen, 47). ... It is a way for him to get what he wants, and that is that he wants to get to know the high officers in the SS, so that he can become a war profiteer. He is simply a mercenary at this point, and money does not mean what it comes to mean to him later on in the film. OCC #2 of the showing of wealth is also TYP {M}, as {OS} is shown giving the money to the maitre d as he enters the party. It is {OS} motive that he wants to show off for the people there at the party, as he starts out a nobody who is not known by the people in the party. The people at the party all think that he is known by other people, but they all want to get to know him, because he is so generous with his money. OCC #3 comes in the same party sequence, where {OS} hands the money to the waiter, telling the waiter that he wants to buy some high officers some champagne. The TYP of {T}, talking about wealth, is shown in OCC #5, in the church where there are Jews there who are making deals with one another. Schindler is th ere at the church, and he talks to one of the Jews about some of the investment ideas that he has. This is still {OS} acting as the mercenary that he is through much of the film – he sees that these young men are shrewd businessmen, especially the man that he recruits to be a part of his team, and this is what he cares about. He doesn’t care that he would be saving this young man at this point – he only cares that the young man has shown himself to be a sharp businessman by the conversations that he has with his friends there in the church. OCC #6 is the TYP {M} again. This time it is in the sequence where {OS} is talking to the boy that he

Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operation Management - Essay Example The researcher of this essay is aimed to answer on questions, such as How many trucks are needed to ship the pallets to the manufacturer?, What is likely to happen if the trucks break down?, How can the supplier ensure that the customer does not run out of parts even in the face of delivery problems or other uncertainties?, What will happen if the manufacturer runs into trouble and shuts down for a period of 6 hours? And If unexpected overtime is required, how do you effectively communicate the need to your workforce? Firstly, the researcher presents the business, both manufacturer and the supplier and analyzes their strengths and weaknesses. The researcher states that usually industry procedures are more or less standardized. If the supplier at present are supplying pallets to a manufacturer who uses two pallets an hour, it is logical to think that he is using some standardized process and that there are other manufacturers who might be using the same standard procedure and requirin g the same number of pallets per hour. Also the supplier may think in another way, that is to present manufacturing unit or department or store setup, that is geared up to service a customer who uses two pallets per hour, therefore, to achieve the net profit maximization goals, that the supplier would logically try to obtain similar contracts from similar manufacturers. It is then concluded that if the customer i.e. the manufacturer gets 2 pallets per hour, his requirement is fulfilled and similarly for other manufacturers as well.

Race, Nation, and Modernity in Chinese Kung Fu movies Essay

Race, Nation, and Modernity in Chinese Kung Fu movies - Essay Example e other hand, critics of Art suggest that Art is the only power of unification that can eradicate all sorts of cultural, racial and sexual discrimination. Delving deep into the whole affair from a much pragmatic perspective unveils several other issues, which clearly signify that humanists and critics of Art do not have many things to optimize over such factors. Basically, the whole collaboration is established over attainment of more monetary profit form the film industry. There has always been a strong undercurrent of ethical identity and cross-culturalism in Hollywood film industry and the element of modernity is also well balanced with the racial differences. The factors of racism or cultural differentiation that humanists and sociologists boost over frequently have not changed much and they exist in the same level. At the initial level of such collaboration between Chinese stars and Hollywood, actors were chosen to play certain roles that actually focus over derogatory social structure of the Chinese society. Now the condition has developed to a great extent in that regard. In this context, the author has commented in the article â€Å"Racial Passing and Face Swapping in the Wild, Wild West† that â€Å"Compared with their predecessors in Hollywood who had to portray the stock array of Chinese domestic servants, laundrymen, mystics, gangsters, and prostitutes, the Hong Kong stars play more positive onscreen roles, appear to have more power in the making of their cinematic changes, and enjoy greater popularity among mainstream U.S. audiences.† (Lo, 147) Last part of the observation is quite significant as it states about the U.S. audience. Action in films and inclusion of subtlety in action are toe aspects that have been greatly cherished and appreciated by U.S. audience. Chinese culture of Marshal Art technique and Kung-Fu has satisfied such demands. At the same time Chinese culture has also received a great exposure through exposition in such films. Asian

Thursday, October 17, 2019

How is a neuron like atoilet for therhold and all-or none properties Essay

How is a neuron like atoilet for therhold and all-or none properties - Essay Example The neurons are stimulated when they reach a specific level which is known as the threshold. Every neuron has its own threshold on which it can be stimulated. Below the threshold the neuron is not stimulated enough to fire impulses to cause its desired effect. This is known as the all or none property followed by all the neurons of the body. The threshold and the all or none law can be compared to the toilet. When the toilet is in the normal position without any interaction it is known to be in the resting position. This can be compared to the resting membrane potential of the neurons in which the neuron is not firing impulses. Similarly when the toilet has to be flushed the lever is to be pushed hard enough so that the flushing can begin. Same is the case with neurons which have a stimulatory threshold level which can only be achieved if the resting membrane potential has reached the threshold level. As the flush won’t work with the right power the neurons will also not work with the right stimulatory power. When the process of flushing starts it reaches a peak when the water stops being drained after which the water is poured back in the toilet.

Masculine and Feminine Qualities in Each Individual Research Paper

Masculine and Feminine Qualities in Each Individual - Research Paper Example SpongeBob and Patrick found a clam, depicted as an infant, and nurtured it together. Well, it wouldn’t have created such an outrage except that SpongeBob acted as the doting, stay at home housewife while Patrick pretended to go to work to be the breadwinner for the family. The supposed couple quarrelled on their roles in rearing the baby with SpongeBob nagging away on the toll of doing every single household chore while Patrick asserts the workload he had to endure (â€Å"Rock-a-Bye Bivalve†). Needless to say, this episode enraged certain groups, especially religious ones, claiming that it promotes homosexuality and advocated for the boycott of the Nickelodeon staple. The show’s creator, Stephen Hillenburg, was quick to answer that SpongeBob is asexual. The show’s creator, Stephen Hillenburg, was quick to answer that SpongeBob is asexual (The Week Staff, para.2). What exactly that meant? It leaves much to the imagination, but, simply that he is neither mal e nor female. Hillenburg may as well just have found a way to get out of the mess but the androgynous quality of his characters resonates to reflect the blurring of the lines of gender identity. When you think about it, this cartoon is able to encompass a wide audience that does not limit according to sex. It is entertaining to both girls and boys where even the age brackets are often irrelevant. Strauss found that its viewing audience includes ages between 5-49 (qt. in Tarr and Brown 21). The main character, despite his name, is Bob, is a yellow sponge who has pretty straightforward goals in life.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Race, Nation, and Modernity in Chinese Kung Fu movies Essay

Race, Nation, and Modernity in Chinese Kung Fu movies - Essay Example e other hand, critics of Art suggest that Art is the only power of unification that can eradicate all sorts of cultural, racial and sexual discrimination. Delving deep into the whole affair from a much pragmatic perspective unveils several other issues, which clearly signify that humanists and critics of Art do not have many things to optimize over such factors. Basically, the whole collaboration is established over attainment of more monetary profit form the film industry. There has always been a strong undercurrent of ethical identity and cross-culturalism in Hollywood film industry and the element of modernity is also well balanced with the racial differences. The factors of racism or cultural differentiation that humanists and sociologists boost over frequently have not changed much and they exist in the same level. At the initial level of such collaboration between Chinese stars and Hollywood, actors were chosen to play certain roles that actually focus over derogatory social structure of the Chinese society. Now the condition has developed to a great extent in that regard. In this context, the author has commented in the article â€Å"Racial Passing and Face Swapping in the Wild, Wild West† that â€Å"Compared with their predecessors in Hollywood who had to portray the stock array of Chinese domestic servants, laundrymen, mystics, gangsters, and prostitutes, the Hong Kong stars play more positive onscreen roles, appear to have more power in the making of their cinematic changes, and enjoy greater popularity among mainstream U.S. audiences.† (Lo, 147) Last part of the observation is quite significant as it states about the U.S. audience. Action in films and inclusion of subtlety in action are toe aspects that have been greatly cherished and appreciated by U.S. audience. Chinese culture of Marshal Art technique and Kung-Fu has satisfied such demands. At the same time Chinese culture has also received a great exposure through exposition in such films. Asian

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Masculine and Feminine Qualities in Each Individual Research Paper

Masculine and Feminine Qualities in Each Individual - Research Paper Example SpongeBob and Patrick found a clam, depicted as an infant, and nurtured it together. Well, it wouldn’t have created such an outrage except that SpongeBob acted as the doting, stay at home housewife while Patrick pretended to go to work to be the breadwinner for the family. The supposed couple quarrelled on their roles in rearing the baby with SpongeBob nagging away on the toll of doing every single household chore while Patrick asserts the workload he had to endure (â€Å"Rock-a-Bye Bivalve†). Needless to say, this episode enraged certain groups, especially religious ones, claiming that it promotes homosexuality and advocated for the boycott of the Nickelodeon staple. The show’s creator, Stephen Hillenburg, was quick to answer that SpongeBob is asexual. The show’s creator, Stephen Hillenburg, was quick to answer that SpongeBob is asexual (The Week Staff, para.2). What exactly that meant? It leaves much to the imagination, but, simply that he is neither mal e nor female. Hillenburg may as well just have found a way to get out of the mess but the androgynous quality of his characters resonates to reflect the blurring of the lines of gender identity. When you think about it, this cartoon is able to encompass a wide audience that does not limit according to sex. It is entertaining to both girls and boys where even the age brackets are often irrelevant. Strauss found that its viewing audience includes ages between 5-49 (qt. in Tarr and Brown 21). The main character, despite his name, is Bob, is a yellow sponge who has pretty straightforward goals in life.

Norse, Teutonic, or Scandinavian mythology Essay Example for Free

Norse, Teutonic, or Scandinavian mythology Essay Thought (Hugin) and Memory (Munin) were the two ravens that went unto the world to observe and return to tell of what all men do, Driven by further search for knowledge, Odin begged Mimir, the wise, to allow him to drink from the well of wisdom, for this he consented to lose an eye. Wounded I hung on wind swept gallows For nine long nights, Pierced by a spear, pledged to Odin, Offered myself to myself: The wisest know not from whence spring The roots of that ancient rood. They gave me no bread, they gave me no mead: I looked down; with a loud cry I took up the runes and I fell. (The Elder Edda 56) Here we find Odin once more sacrificing himself for knowledge, In The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology it is said that Odin actually died on the gallows of Yggdrasil, that he traversed Nifleheim, or Hel in order to obtain the nine sacred runes, that seem to be extremely powerful as described in The Elder Edda. The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology adds yet another theory to Odin hanging himself, The parallel between Odins voluntary death on Yggdrasil and the crucifixion remains striking. Odin was pierced with a spear and like Christ, cried out before he died there is little doubt that his hanging on the cosmic tree had pre-Christian origins and derived from ancient pagan worship. Odin had long been the god of the spear, the god of the hanged. This could definitely be determined as less than speculation, seeing as we must rely on our sources and to this point one could say that this is a very valid and well thought out work. Regardless of minor differences in text again we must as they did default ourselves to the larger span of information. There were two different groups of gods in Scandinavian Mythology, The Aesir and the Vanir. Each having their own respective dwelling place, Asgard for the Aesir, and Vanaheim for the Vanir. Of the two, The Vanir have been said to be the older. Unlike the warrior Aesir, the Vanir were a race of gods associated with fertility, wealth, and good weather. (The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology 500) Among the Vanir were, Njord, the sea and fortune god, Skadi, the god of destruction, Freyja, the goddess of love, and Freyr the god of Fertility. Among the Aesir were, Odin, Balder, Bragi, Forseti Heimdall, Hodr, Thor, Tyr, Vili, Ve, Vidar, Frigg, Sif, and Idun. At one point in time there was a great war between these two branches of gods, yet both the Aesir, and the Vanir came to terms by exchanging several prominent gods of each side. The Vanir sent Njord, Freyr, Freyja, and Kvasir, while the Aesir sent Mimir, and Honir. The Vanir soon found that they got the bad end of the deal due to the fact that Mimir was the only one who knew what he was talking about, and that in his absence Honir, wasnt really that bright. The Vanir then sliced of Mimirs head and sent it back to Asgard, where Odin used Powerful magic to allow Mimirs head to speak. Little else is known of the Vanir, they seemed to lose importance quickly after it was concluded that the war was resolved however it was noted that Vanaheim, was potentially unaffected by Ragnarok. This shows evidence of two religions colliding with Scandinavian and Germanic mythology. Revealing to us that Scandinavian mythology has most definately influenced by other ancient tales and stories. (Cherry, Vanaheim) Scandinavian mythology might have been the inspiration to several works of modern day literature. It is Nicole Cherrys opinion that Tolkien was very well acquainted with the northern mythos, as can be seen by the use of it in his books. The name of one of his main characters, Gandalf, is found in The Poetic Edda. Gandalf is, in some ways, reminiscent of Odin, the leader of the Norse pantheon. Even the name Middle-earth, the setting for Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings, comes from Norse mythology. There are several other modern day works of literature based on or derived from Scandinavian mythology as well, such as, The Ring of the Nibelung and The Nibelungenlied. These works, may well show the effect and legacy of Scandinavian Mythology in the World. Another notable element of Tolkeins Lord of The Rings was his use of the ring itself to the Viings the ring meant wealth honor fame and destiny. It was in fact a tradition to give rings to neighboring countries, bringing to notice the ever prominent focal point of the Lord of the Rings. (Day 29) There is no Heaven or Hell in Scandinavian mythology, the only hope is to be brought up to Asgard by a Valkyrie or Battle Maiden. Even then those chosen or the Einherjar (The Heroic dead) faced defeat at Ragnarok in the Final Battle on the Vigrid Plain. This may be unlike any other focal point of religion known. It reasons in many ways that the only way to gain honor is to die in battle unfaltering. Scandinavian Mythology, although comparable to other religions or other pagan beliefs is an original and unique work of the Norwegians, Swedish, Icelandic, and Danish peoples of Europe. Hamilton describes it justly by saying, Asgard, the home of the gods, is unlike any other heaven men have dreamed of. No radiancy or joy is in it, no assurance of bliss, it is a grave and solemn place, over which hangs the threat of inevitable doom the same is true for humanity this conception of life which underlies Norse religion, as somber a conception the human mind has ever given birth to A heroic death is not a defeat, but a triumph. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE JRR Tolkien section.

Monday, October 14, 2019

My ecological footprint

My ecological footprint My ecological footprint percentage is 70.82%. We would need 4.51 earths if everyone had the lifestyle that I lead. The results made me feel concerned because my footprint is below average by almost 20 percent, which seems like a lot to me. I was surprised that my results were so poor because I think of myself as someone who is environmentally conscious. I do not litter by throwing garbage on the street. If a garbage can is not conveniently located by me, I carry the garbage with me until I can find a garbage can. Because of little things like this, I was surprised that my ecological footprint is so low. That is why I think this was a worthwhile assignment because it educated me about how environmentally friendly I am. I would realistically reduce my footprint by about 25% by using cleaner transport. Usually I drive whenever I need to go somewhere, but I think from now on whenever possible, I will take the Metro Transit bus instead. I think that resource depletion is likely to increase as Developing Countries attempt to increase their standard of living. The country where I am from, a developing country, Yemen, does not have as large an ecological footprint as Canada does. In our cities, cars are used a lot but in the countryside, people uses horses and camels as their main way of transporting themselves. Yemen is trying to become more developed like the West, but so far it has not worked out that well. Originally, because Yemen started out as a kingdom, only the King had a car but over time, as it became a republic, cars became more common as everyday people began driving them in the cities. I think that as Yemen seeks to become more like the Western world, especially the United States, resource depletion will become more pronounced. Developing Nations should not have the right to deplete resources just to become more like the West, because that will make just the situation with the environment worse as time go es on. If every country has a large ecological footprint, then we will increasingly need more earths to satisfy everyones energy consumption. The article, found on http://www.edie.net/news/news_story.asp?id=16168. says that people in Europe are relying too much on groundwater. If this continues, then the water supply could become a problem. If that happens, the price of water will go up, and this will be bad for the world economy because everyone needs water. If people who need it cannot afford to pay for it, then that could be an economic, as well as environmental, disaster. The root cause of this problem is that people are relying too much on groundwater. We can reduce our footprint as countries by making sure that some people do not get extra water, while others go without. References Retrieved online on May 18, 2009 at http://www.edie.net/news/news_story.asp?id=16168

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Medieval Sourcebook: Bede: Conversion of England :: European History Essays

Medieval Sourcebook: Bede: Conversion of England The Arrival in Kent of the missionaries sent By Gregory the Great (597) In the year of our Lord 582, Maurice, the fifty-fourth emperor from Augustus, ascended the throne and reigned twenty-one years. In the tenth year of his reign, Gregory, a man renowned for learning and behavior, was promoted to the apostolic see of Rome,' and presided over it thirteen years, six months, and ten days. He, being moved by divine inspiration, about the one hundred and fiftieth year after the coming of the English into Britain, sent the servant of God, Augustine, and with him several other monks who feared the Lord, to preach the word of God to the English nation. . . . [Augustine, with his companions, arrived in Britain.]. The powerful Ethelbert was at that time king of Kent; he had extended his dominions as far as the great river Humber, by which the southern Saxons are divided from the northern. On the east of Kent is the large Isle of Thanet, containing, according to the English way of reckoning, six hundred families, and divided from the other land by the river Wantsum, which is about three furlongs across and fordable only in two places, for both ends of it run into the sea. In this island landed the servant of our Lord, Augustine, and his companions, being, as is reported, nearly forty men. They had, by order of the blessed Pope Gregory, brought interpreters of the nation of the Franks, and sending to Ethelbert, signified that they were come from Rome, and brought a joyful message, which most undoubtedly assured to all that took advantage of it everlasting joys in heaven, and a kingdom that would never end with the living and true God. The king, having heard this, ordered them to stay in that island where they had landed and that they should be furnished with all necessaries till he should consider what to do with them. For he had heard of the Christian religion, having a Christian wife, of the royal family of the Franks, called Bertha, whom he had received from her parents upon condition that she should be permitted to practice her religion with the bishop, Luidhard, who was sent with her to preserve the faith. Some days later the king came into the island and, sitting in the open air, ordered Augustine and his companions to be brought into his presence.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

How To Wash A Car Essay -- essays research papers

How to wash a car There is many different ways to wash a car, but here is the correct way that generally works for the majority of people. Washing a car thoroughly takes five different steps to complete a clean exterior. Step1: Wheels are a good place to start, because the cleaning products for wheels work best on dry surfaces. Spray on the solution as directed by the instructions, and see if the dirt and dust is removed. Use a little more spray in bad areas to help get the wheels completely clean. Try and get all road grime and grease off of the wheels. Use a soft brush to clean cracks and crevices on the wheels, but don't scrub too hard. If you have alloy wheels, make sure that the cleaner is safe for the clear coat that may be on it. Rinse the wheels off and after all dirt and grime is removed. Try and keep any abrasives like steel wool pads and wire brushes away from the wheels. This could damage them by scratching the surface of the wheel. Step2: Use the hose to wet the car thoroughly from top to bottom. It is better to use a pistol grip hose nozzle, and set it to make a big stream that will drive off bird droppings and other dirty spots on the car. Try to avoid high-pressure handles that are found at self-serve places. High-pressure handles can damage a car by driving road grime into the finish, rather than washing it off. Also try to aim the hose up under the car and into the wheel wells to wash off road salt and gunk that has accumulated. Step3: If there's still is...

Friday, October 11, 2019

Moral Law in Trifles

Throughout history it is shown that women have been looked down upon by men. They have been considered inferior to the opposite sex and even as a form of property. â€Å"Trifles† take place in 1916 where the rights of women are yet to be stated a place that is ruled by the paterfamilias, the men. Only men knew what was right, only men knew what was best for their families. Men criticized women a lot and made fun of them.Men do not understand the difficulty of these duties and the hard working hours that are needed to keep a farmhouse and or a family tidy and well organized. Women just make their lives look easier by cooking, cleaning and caring for their children. Although today, we are not burdened with this struggle of being physically and emotionally abused by men, women in the early 1900’s struggled to break free from this mold formed by society.In the â€Å"Trifles† this type of living made lively, singing, happy Minnie Wright turn into a mentally disturbed, cold and routine robot after she married her husband, Mr. Wright. However, in the play women are far from being decorative. They actually show greater strength than the surrounding men. As the men went upstairs to investigate what happen to the husband, the women stays down stairs. They were able to look at the scene and pay attention to the details which lead them to uncover the clues that Mrs.Wright murdered her husband. At that time before the men came downstairs, the women hid the evidence and did not judge Mrs. Wright for her action. I can only say that moral justice prevailed and that law should not be so strict in some cases because there are more psychological aspects in a human mind. The women hid the evidence as an act of compassion for Mrs. Wright. Stealing the box with the dead bird is an act of loyalty to their gender and of defiance against a callous patriarchal society.A murder case like this at that particular time was a shocking thing to solve because it involved t iny details that men could not understand or view without the help of women. Details that are presented in women lifestyle, Mrs. Peter and Mrs. Hale was able to relate to Mrs. Wright to the murder of the killing of her husband. This conflict is the moral justice versus the legal justice meaning that justice can be based on what somebody conscience suggest what is right or wrong, rather than on what that strict law says to be done.Although Mrs. Peters was hesitating about the decision of hiding the evidence, she knew it was the right thing to do. The women understood the moral law and the Sheriff Hale and the County Attorney represented legal justice. In this world women have always been treated second best by men and like they were never good enough for careers outside of the home. The sex of a person should not determine what type of job a person should have. Due to those facts the women in â€Å"Trifles† stood by each other to cover Mrs. Wright tracks

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight and Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California

The fields of social sciences and the legal system have become inextricably linked in response to the development of system processes to aid in problem solving. Each of the fields informs the other, utilizing their respective extensive expertise and knowledge-based literature to address the prevailing challenges in the society. In the desire to address the complex criminality and societal problems that beset the nation, the legal system and the practitioners of social sciences are inevitably linked so that the knowledge base and expertise of one can collaborate with the other and vice versa.The development of therapeutic jurisprudence became an imperative, each field having an impact on the other towards the creation of systemic processes to solve society’s problems. The civil liberties accorded under the Bill of Rights are safeguards against the vast powers of government. Their existence and observance ensure individuals from the undue governmental interference and interventi on. One of these privileges is the right against self-incrimination. In the cases of U. S. v. Doe, (465 U. S. 605) and Doe v. U. S. [487 U. S.201, 209 (1988)], the Court enumerated the three (3) requisites that should be present for the Fifth Amendment to apply, namely: a) â€Å"that the statement be testimonial; b) incriminating; and, c) compelled. † However, in the case of Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight, the defendant was ordered incarcerated for refusing to disclose the whereabouts of her child who was believed to be abused. The Court ruled that the privilege is inapplicable considering that what was demanded of Bouknight was not testimonial in character.Moreover, assuming that it was, the Court ruled that as between the individual right and public interest; the latter should prevail. The safety and well being of a child is a matter of public interest and therefore Bouknight can be compelled to disclose the necessary information. In the case of Ta rasoff v. Regents of University of California, the Court ruled that a therapist/physician can breach his duty of confidentiality with respect to matters disclosed by his patient in the course of treatment by warning the readily identifiable person of the peril or harm to his life.This duty to warn is countenanced by law or by the code of ethics of physicians. This ruling also serves as an exception to American negligence cases where special relationship of parties must be held to exist. Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight, 488 U. S. 1301 (1988) A three month old infant was admitted for treatment in a hospital. It became apparent that the mother, Jackie Bouknight may have maltreated the infant.Consequently, the Department of Social Services (DSS) petitioned the Court to declare the child as a â€Å"child in need of assistance† and grant it the power to put the child under foster care (Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight, 488 U. S. 1301 (1988). The Court granted relief and it was agreed upon by the parties that Bouknight shall have the custody of the child subject to the conditions of supervised parenting and an undertaking of non-infliction of bodily harm and punishment on the child. At first, Bouknight complied with the conditions but later on she became uncooperative and refused to produce her son to the DSS.The DSS in fear for the safety and well being of the child filed a case before the Court to compel Bouknight to produce her son. She failed to appear before the Court but was later on arrested. On her refusal to disclose the whereabouts of her son, she was found guilty of contempt and was ordered to be incarcerated until compliance with the order [In re Maurice, No. 50 (Dec. 19, 1988). 314 Md. 391, 550 A. 2d 1135]. On certiorari, the Court of Appeals of Maryland ruled that the incarceration of Bouknight was an infringement of her Fifth Amendment right against self incrimination.According to the Court, the p roduction of the son is testimonial in nature because by doing so, it only proves Bouknight’s â€Å"continuing control† over her son which may be utilized in a criminal proceeding. It ruled that there are acts of production deemed to have testimonial value citing the case of U. S. vs. Doe (Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight, 488 U. S. 1301 (1988). The U. S. Supreme Court granted the stay of DSS pending the filing of the requisite petition for certiorari.The grant of stay was based on the fact that even assuming that the act of production of the child is testimonial in character, many line of decisions of the Court are clear that as between the public need vis-a-vis a single claim of an individual on constitutional privilege, the former is upheld. In this particular case, the safety and interests of the abused child must be upheld over Bouknight’s assertion considering that, in the hierarchy of values, the safety and welfare of the child tak es precedence over other concerns (Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight, 488 U.S. 1301 (1988). Moreover, the information sought which is the whereabouts of the child is for the contempt charge and therefore civil in nature (Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight, 488 U. S. 1301 (1988). The Fifth Amendment: Right against Self-Incrimination The Fifth Amendment originated from England and derived from the Latin maxim â€Å"nemo tenetur seipsum accusare† meaning â€Å"no man is bound to accuse himself† (Levy, 1968). It was used in both the accusatorial and inquisitorial legal systems of England (Levy, 1968). In the U.S. , after the revolution the states ratified the Constitution with the inclusion of the privilege in the bill of rights. The original version of Madison was amended by the House to include â€Å"in any criminal case† (Schwartz, 1971). Thus, as it now stands, the Fifth Amendment provides, â€Å". . . nor shall be c ompelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself . . . † (U. S. Constitution, Bill of Rights). The primary purpose of its inclusion in the Bill of Rights is â€Å"to protect the innocent and to further the search for truth† [Ullmann v.United States, 350 U. S. 422 (1956)]. However, in subsequent line of decisions, the Court ruled that other privileges stated in the bill of Rights are more in the nature of adjuncts to the determination of truth such as the right to counsel or the safeguards afforded by the Fourth Amendment while the privilege against self-incrimination is primarily for â€Å"the preservation of the accusatorial system of criminal justice. † This maintains the integrity of the judicial system and protects the privacy of the individuals from government intrusion [Miranda v.Arizona, 384 U. S. 436, 460 (1966); Schmerber v. California, 384 U. S. 757, 760–765 (1966); California v. Byers, 402 U. S. 424, 448–58 (1971)]. The privi lege is a guarantee against compulsion for testimonial evidence which consequently will result in the imposition of criminal penalty on such person making testimony. The Court laid down the requirements necessary before a party can successfully invoke the protection of the privilege against self-incrimination. In the cases of U. S. v. Doe, (465 U. S. 605) and Doe v. U. S. [487 U. S.201, 209 (1988)], the Court enumerated the three (3) requisites that should be present for the Fifth Amendment to apply, namely: a) â€Å"that the statement be testimonial; b) incriminating; and, c) compelled. † According to the court, ‘testimonial’ refers to all communications whether express or implied which â€Å"relate to a factual assertion or disclose information† (Ashby, J. , 2006 citing Doe v. U. S. , 487 U. S. 201). The statements or communications made whether verbally or in writing fall within the privilege (Ashby, J. , 2006) and is not limited by the forum where it w as elicited, i. e.before the court, administrative proceedings or before the law enforcement office [Lefkowitz v. Turley, 414 U. S. 70 (1973)]. The second requirement, ‘incriminating’ refers to statements that can be used as a basis for a finding of criminal liability under a penal law or â€Å"provides a link to the chain of evidence for prosecution under a criminal statute† [United States v. Hubbell, 530 U. S. 27 (2000)]. The third requisite is the compulsion to give a statement. The Court explained that this requisite refers to â€Å"circumstances that deny the individual a free choice to admit, to deny, or to refuse to answer† (Ashby, J., 2006). Additionally, the Court ruled in the case of Fisher v. United States that these three requisites should all concur and be present so that the privilege can be successfully invoked [425 U. S. 391(1976)]. Legal and Ethical Issues and their Impact on Social Work Practice The main legal issue in the case of Baltimo re is whether the circumstances surrounding it would fall within the ambit of the privilege against self incrimination and consequently, Bouknight may successfully invoke it and prevent her from being compelled to produce or furnish the whereabouts of her son lest be incarcerated for contempt.The Supreme Court allowed the stay of the decision of the appellate court for overturning the ruling of the juvenile court and in finding that the compulsion for Bouknight to produce her son squarely fell within the privilege and therefore ordered her release (Alderman and Kennedy, 1992). The appellate court found that the act of production is testimonial and therefore its compulsion, is a violation of the privilege. Furthermore, the interest of the government in the safety of the son cannot outweigh the observance and respect for the privilege against self incrimination as provided in the Bill of Rights (Alderman and Kennedy, 1992).In other words, the three requisites concurred, i. e. the act of production or of furnishing information as to the whereabouts of her son are incriminating and testimonial in character; and, there was also compulsion because if she failed to disclose information sought she would be incarcerated for contempt as what had happened. The Supreme Court through Chief Justice Rehnquist predicated his discussion on three major points, namely: a) The Court of Appeals passed upon a controversy concerning the federal Constitution which logically can be properly resolved by the U. S.Supreme Court (California v. Riegler, 449 U. S. 1319); b) The act of production does not fall within the ambit of the privilege citing the cases of U. S. v. Doe, Fisher v. U. S. and Schmerber v. California. In these cases, the court ruled that the act of production of the documents is not ‘testimonial’ and therefore does not infringe upon the privilege considering that their existence and location are already known to the Government. In fact, responding to a subpoe na have been considered legal and acceptable even if compulsion is present [Fisher v. United States, 425 U.S. 391 (1976)]. Moreover, when an accused is required to furnish his handwriting sample, this had been held not to violate the privilege because it is not ‘testimonial’ but merely evidentiary United States v. Flanagan, 34 F. 3d 949 [10th Cir. 1994]). The third point c) is by using the balancing of interests test or balancing the public need vis-a-vis ensuring the individual’s constitutional civil liberties, public need prevailed considering that the disclosure of information was non-criminal and not directed at a particular group as was held in the case of California v.Byers, 402 U. S. 424 (1971) where the validity of a law requiring disclosure of the name and address at the scene of a vehicular accident. Similarly in the case of New York v. Quarles where the Fifth Amendment rights have to give way to a public safety exception and therefore in the case of Bo uknight, â€Å"the public safety exception to the Fifth Amendment was justified because its interest was in protecting children like Maurice, not in prosecuting† (Alderman and Kennedy, 1992).In sum, the privilege against self-incrimination is not an absolute right. Albeit the civil liberties accorded under the Bill of Rights safeguards undue government intervention and restraint to its power, there are instances when these rights would have to give way to compelling interests of the society that would warrant Government intervention and intrusion such in the case of protecting and ensuring the safety of infants or children from physical abuse.Once it has been established that a child is abused, it becomes the duty of the State to take over and protect. The judicial pronouncement in the case of Bouknight has a pervading and far reaching implication on social work practice. This gives the social workers a great burden and responsibility to follow up sharply abused children in f oster care or those released under an order of protective supervision. Admittedly, there is an apparent lack of strict protocols in the present system of child welfare agencies (Parks, 2005).A set of guidelines must be crafted to govern exigencies of missing children from foster care like supervised visits and court orders in cases of abduction like what have occurred in Maryland with â€Å"Ariel† who had been abducted by his mother Teresa B (Parks, 2005). Guidelines should also be drawn to address the coordinated efforts both with the law enforcement and child welfare personnel. Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425 A graduate student from India, Prosenjit Poddar went to the University of California Berkeley to study naval architecture.It was there that he met Tatiana Tarasoff. A few kisses made him believe that they have a special relationship until Tarasoff bragged about her many relationships with other men. Poddar suffered depression until he so ught professional help from Dr. Moore, a psychologist of the University Health Service. He confided to the doctor that he intended to secure a gun and to kill Tarasoff. On the strength of a letter request of Dr. Moore, Poddar was taken by the campus police, however upon assurance that Poddar was reasonable he was released.Upon the return of the University Health psychiatrist from his vacation, he ordered the destruction of Dr. Moore’s letter and did not recommend any further action on Poddar’s case. When Tarasoff returned from her vacation, she was stabbed and killed by Poddar who at that time moved in with her brother already. The parents of Tarasoff sued the Regents of the University, its health personnel namely, Gold, Moore, Powelson, Yandell and the campus police namely, Atkinson, Beall, Brownrigg, Hallernan, and Teel for â€Å"failing to warn their daughter of an impending danger† (Tarasoff v.Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425). At the lowe r court, the complaint was dismissed because there was no cause of action. According to the lower court, the defendants only had the duty to the patient and not to a third party. The dismissal was appealed to the Appeals Court but which only sustained the dismissal. Thus, it was elevated to the Supreme Court of California. The appealed decision in so far as the university police officers, Atkinson, Beall, Brownrigg, Hallernan, and Teel finding them not liable to the plaintiffs was affirmed.However, in so far as the therapists and the Regents of the university, the appealed decision was overturned for reception of evidence in accordance with the pronouncements of the Supreme Court (Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425). In fine, the complainants averred four (4) causes of action, namely: a) â€Å"Failure to detain a dangerous patient; b) failure to warn on a dangerous patient; c) abandonment of a dangerous patient; and, d) breach of primary duty to patient and the public† (Tarasoff v.Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425). Anent the first and fourth causes of action, the Supreme Court ruled that the defendants cannot be held liable because of a specific provision of the Government Code or Section 856 thereof which grants immunity to public employees from any resultant damage or injury from deciding whether or not to confine a person with mental ailment. This provision is also applicable to the therapists because the law also refers to those who are capable of recommending confinement.As regards the third cause of action, the government immunity includes the â€Å"award of exemplary damages resulting from a wrongful death† and therefore, defendants cannot be held liable (Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425). Anent the second cause of action, the Supreme Court found defendants therapists and Regents of the University to have failed to comply with their duty to warn Tarasoff of the peril to her life.Albeit, the therapists had no direct relations with Tarasoff, they could have reasonably foreseen the danger and threat to her life as confided by their patient, Poddar. This is the point where the law establishes the duty of care on their part to warn Tarasoff. Their failure to warn her may reasonably concluded as a proximate cause of her death. The duty of confidentiality between patient and psychotherapist and the right to privacy of the patient cannot prevail over public interest or public safety. Moreover, there are clear provisions of laws, i.e. Section 1024 of the Evidence Code and Section 9 of the Principles of Medical Ethics of the American Medical Association which allows the physician to divulge matters confided to him in confidence when it is necessary for public welfare (Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425). Confidentiality The effective therapeutic relationship between physician/psychiatrist and patient rests largely on tru st that matters confided by the patient during the treatment are kept in strictest confidence by the physician/psychiatrist.It is the ethical duty of the physician to observe privacy and confidentiality of his patients (Corbin, 2007). While it is also of public interest to ensure that treatment of those who are mentally ill by maintaining an atmosphere whereby they can have an open dialogue with their therapist and of safeguarding its confidential character; the same public interest calls for an imperative recognition of instances whereby disclosure of the confidential communications be revealed and be made to safeguard public safety and avert the threatened peril.In the instances, where the public safety is at risk, the therapist must disclose confidential information discreetly with due regard to protecting the privacy of his patient (Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425). The parameters of confidentiality are defined by law and by the ethical code of co nduct for practitioners in the territorial jurisdiction. In the case of Tarasoff, the Evidence Code and the Principles of Medical Ethics of the American Medical Association provided specific and limited exceptions under which the confidentiality privilege can be breached, i.e. â€Å"if the psychotherapist has reasonable cause to believe that the patient is in such mental or emotional condition as to be dangerous to himself or to the person or property of another and that disclosure of the communication is necessary to prevent the threatened danger; unless he is required to do so by law or unless it becomes necessary in order to protect the welfare of the individual or of the community† (Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425).It would be wise for the practitioners to familiarize themselves of the limits of confidentiality as provided under the laws considering that it may differ from state to state. The Tarasoff case provided a basis to guide a practi tioner in his professional dealings relative to the duty to warn others in cases of a specific threat of harm by his patient against others/another. Subsequent cases followed the consistent pattern of the jurisprudence laid down by the Supreme Court. In the case of David v.Lhim (1983), the plaintiff-administrator of the estate sued the psychiatrist who treated the son who killed his mother after he was released from the hospital. There was failure on the part of the psychiatrist who treated the son to warn the mother of the potential danger after her son confided his intentions of killing her (Corbin, 2007). In another case, Chrite v. U. S. (2003), the Veterans Administration was held liable for having failed to warn the intended victim of a patient of a threatened harm.Subsequent rulings of the court clarified and defined what constituted ‘threat’ as â€Å"imminent threat of serious danger to a readily identifiable victim† and â€Å"specific† (Corbin, 200 7). When there are no specific provisions of the law, Dickson (1998) proposes that the therapist/practitioner may be protected against lawsuits if he would consult and keenly document the case of the patient or comply with the â€Å"mandated reporting guidelines† required by some states.Reamer (2003) on the other hand, suggests that the therapist must have evidence that the patient is a threat to the safety of another; evidence of that the threat can be foreseen; threat is imminent and that the potential victim is identifiable. Legal and Ethical Implications and their Impact on Social Work Practice The duty of reasonable care to assist others in danger is a legal duty as well as a moral duty. However, American negligence law only recognizes it as a moral duty except when there exists a relationship between parties.In the case of Tarasoff, no special relationship existed between the therapist and Tarasoff; however the court has made an exception to this general rule (Bickel, 2 001). It declared that the therapist has the duty to care and to warn Tarasoff of the imminent harm on her life. This also includes the duty to control the conduct of his patient, Poddar. In the same breath, a doctor has the duty to warn his patient if he has a contagious disease (Saltzman and Furman, 1999).There is an affirmative duty for the therapist to advise and warn Tarasoff of the threat to her life although this meant breach of confidentiality with his patient Poddar. This finds basis both legally and ethically considering that the law and the code of ethics for doctors have recognized and provided specifically that doctors are bound to disclose relevant facts to others even if this violates confidentiality with their patients provided they are required by law or if it is required for public safety (Saltzman and Furman, 1999).This legal duty to warn applies when the threat is specific and imminent and where the victim is â€Å"readily identifiable† (Bickel, 2001). The courts also have recognized the difficulty in assessing and predicting circumstances that may lead to harm or violence and consequently, adhered to the ‘professional judgment rule’ whereby the therapist is not held liable for errors of judgments. Liability attaches only upon showing that the conduct of the therapist was not in accordance with the â€Å"accepted professional standards† (Bickel, 2001).There is an ambivalence that was created by the Tarasoff protective disclosure ruling with the practitioners (Kachigian and Felthous, 2004). Analogous cases and protective disclosure statutes in the different states were analyzed and it was discovered that there are no clear defined parameters of these duties. The therapist is required to a certain way betray his patient by disclosing matters which are protected by confidentiality.Considering the uncertainty brought about by the legal doctrine and court decisions, the undesirable consequence of which was deterrence f or therapists to accept â€Å"treatment potentially violent patients† (Merton, 1982). Moreover, therapists are more inclined to have their patients committed in an institution so that threats to the safety of potential victims can be averted. The Tarasoff protective disclosure was even extended recently to include even â€Å"communications made from a patient’s family member† as pronounced by the Court in the case of Ewing v. Goldstein (May and Ohlschlager, 2008).The dubious jurisprudential precedents by the courts in interpreting the protective disclosure statutes or its resort to common law instead of interpreting the statute left a vacuum in the definition of the duty to protect (Kachigian and Felthous, 2004). As a result, â€Å"clinicians must continue to rely on their clinical and ethical judgment, rather than statutory guidance, when considering potential protective disclosures or future drafts of protective disclosure statutes† (Kachigian and Felth ous, 2004). References Alderman, E. and Kennedy, C. (1992). In our defense: the bill of rights in action.First Avon Books edition. Ashby, J. (February 2006). Note declining to state a name in consideration of the fifth amendment’s self-incrimination clause and law enforcement databases after Hiibel. Michigan Law Review, No. 4, Vol. 104:779. Baltimore City Department of Social Services v Bouknight, 488 U. S. 1301 (1988). Bickel, R. Revisiting Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California: the scope of the psychotherapist’s duty to control dangerous students. Presented before the 22nd Annual Law and higher Education conference in Clearwater, Florida on 18-20 February 2001.California v. Byers, 402 U. S. 424, 448–58 (1971). Corbin, J. (Fall 2007). Confidentiality and the duty to warn: Ethical and legal implications for the therapeutic relationship. The New Social Worker, Vol. 14, No. 4. Dickson, D. T. (1998). Confidentiality and privacy in social work. New York: T he Free Press Doe v. U. S. , 487 U. S. 201, 209 (1988). Fisher v. United States, 425 U. S. 391 (1976). Kachigian, C. and Felthous, A. (September 2004). Court responses to Tarasoff statutes. Journal of American Academy of Psychiatry and Law Online, Vol. 23:263-273.Levy, L. (1968). Origins of the fifth amendment: The right against self-incrimination. May, S. and Ohlschlager, J. (2008). California alert! Tarasoff ruling expanded for clients who ‘go off. ’ ECounseling. American Association of Christian Counselors. Merton, V. (1982). Confidentiality and the dangerous patient: Implications of Tarasoff for Psychiatrists and lawyers. Emory Law Journal, Vol. 31:265. New York v. Quarles, 476 U. S. 649 (1984). Parks, A. (2008). Unless the Court of Appeals decision is reversed, MD children may not be. Daily Record The Baltimore.Reamer, F. (2003). Social work malpractice and liability. New York: Columbia University Press, 2nd ed. Saltzman, A. and Furman, D. (1999). Law in social wor k practice. Brooks Cole, 2nd edition. Schmerber v. California, 384 U. S. 757 (1966). Schwartz, B (December 1971). The bill of rights: A documentary history. Chelsea House Publishers with McGraw-Hill Education. Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, 17 Cal. 3d 425. Ullmann v. United States, 350 U. S. 422 (1956). U. S. v. Doe, 465 U. S. 605. United States v. Hubbell, 530 U. S. 27 (2000).